ISO 13849-1
EN ISO 13849-1:2023 is the machinery standard behind the Performance Levels (PL) assigned to the J1600's safety functions. It appears in the J1600's compliance list.
What the standard covers
ISO 13849-1, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General principles for design, defines how the parts of a control system that perform safety functions must be designed and evaluated. Its core concept is the Performance Level: a measure of how reliably a safety function can be expected to perform, running from PL a (lowest) to PL e (highest). The required level for each function follows from the severity of possible injury, the frequency of exposure, and the possibility of avoiding the hazard.
How it applies to the J1600
The J1600's product documentation assigns Performance Levels to nine safety functions:
| Safety function | Performance Level |
|---|---|
| Braking system | PL d |
| Emergency-stop button | PL d |
| Person detection in safety field | PL d |
| Safety-field size adjustment | PL d |
| Speed monitoring and control | PL c |
| Automatic/manual mode selection | PL c |
| Tiller-position detection | PL c |
| Load detection | PL b |
| Charging-current relay | PL b |
The functions that protect people directly — braking, emergency stop, person detection, and safety-field adjustment — carry the highest assigned level, PL d. Each function is described in detail under Performance Levels and the surrounding safety-function pages.
The levels apply to individual safety functions within the safety architecture; they are not a statement that every subsystem shares the same PL.
Relationship to other standards
ISO 13849-1 defines how reliable a safety function must be; product standards such as ISO 3691-4 define which safety functions a driverless industrial truck needs. The risk assessment that connects hazards to required Performance Levels follows the method of ISO 12100.
The Performance Levels above come from the preliminary January 2026 product documentation and are subject to change. No certificates or test reports are published here; use current product documentation for deployment decisions.