Braking
The braking system is one of the J1600's certified safety functions. It is rated Performance Level d (PL d) — the highest level assigned to any J1600 safety function.
Role in the safety architecture
Braking is the reaction layer of the safety architecture: when a safety function demands a stop — a person detected in the protective field, an emergency-stop input, or a takeover — the certified braking system halts the vehicle. It works together with:
- the independent safety controller;
- the safety-certified driving-speed encoder and driving-direction encoder;
- the two safety-certified motor controllers;
- speed monitoring and control (PL c), which supervises how fast the vehicle is allowed to travel.
The 360-degree protective field supports both forward and reverse autonomous travel, so certified stopping applies in both travel directions. The vehicle's top speed is 5.4 km/h (1.5 m/s), and the protective field expands at higher speeds to preserve reaction margin — see Safety-field adjustment.
Triggers
- Person detection in the 360-degree safety field (PL d).
- Any of the three emergency-stop buttons (PL d) or the tiller-position emergency-stop switch.
- The belly button, which stops and reverses the vehicle.
See Emergency stops and manual takeover for the full set of stop controls.
The January 2026 Performance Levels are preliminary and subject to change. This page does not give stopping distances or safety-distance curves; base deployment decisions on the current product documentation.