Residual Risks
No safeguarding removes risk entirely. This page describes the risks that remain after the J1600's built-in protective measures, and where operator vigilance and site discipline stay essential.
Why residual risks are documented
The risk-reduction method of ISO 12100 ends with information for use: after design measures and safeguarding, the remaining risks must be communicated so users can manage them. The J1600's layered protection — independent safety controller, two 2D safety LiDARs, a speed-dependent 360-degree protective field, emergency stops, and safety functions rated up to PL d — reduces risk substantially, and the built-in safety functions improve predictability compared with manual pallet handling. It does not make the vehicle risk-free.
Where risk remains
- Manual mode relies on the operator. Pallet pickup, high-level handling up to 1,600 mm, dock plates, slopes, and congested areas are deliberately manual. In these situations the operator's judgment is the protective measure. See Operator responsibilities.
- Operating limits are boundaries, not suggestions. Autonomous travel assumes level floors (0% automatic gradeability), indoor conditions, 5–40°C, and IP21-compatible exposure. Outside these limits, behaviour is not specified. See Floor and environment requirements.
- Loads are not universally approved. There is no blanket approval for every carrier or for hazardous materials; stability and base geometry must be judged case by case. See Approved loads and pallets.
- The protective field needs room. The safety field grows with speed. Route planning should account for pinch points and shared traffic identified in the site risk assessment.
Data that is not available
Accident-rate test data, safety-distance curves, stopping distances, and validation reports are not available. The reduction in workplace accidents compared with manual pallet handling is a design intent, not a measured result.
Use the current product documentation supplied with the vehicle — not this Knowledge Center alone — for site-specific safety decisions, and complete a site risk assessment before go-live.